Ik denk dat bedrog en incompetentie in elke tak van wetenschap voorkomen, en misschien wel meer dan we willen geloven.
John Ioannidis heeft een en ander uitgezocht voor wat betreft de medische wetenschap. In
The Atlanticis daar een uitgebreid artikel over verschenen. Een paar citaten:
We think of the scientific process as being objective, rigorous, and even ruthless in separating out what is true from what we merely wish to be true, but in fact it’s easy to manipulate results, even unintentionally or unconsciously. “At every step in the process, there is room to distort results, a way to make a stronger claim or to select what is going to be concluded,” ... “There is an intellectual conflict of interest that pressures researchers to find whatever it is that is most likely to get them funded.”
He zoomed in on 49 of the most highly regarded research findings in medicine over the previous 13 years, as judged by the science community’s two standard measures: the papers had appeared in the journals most widely cited in research articles, and the 49 articles themselves were the most widely cited articles in these journals. These were articles that helped lead to the widespread popularity of treatments such as the use of hormone-replacement therapy for menopausal women, vitamin E to reduce the risk of heart disease, coronary stents to ward off heart attacks, and daily low-dose aspirin to control blood pressure and prevent heart attacks and strokes. Ioannidis was putting his contentions to the test not against run-of-the-mill research, or even merely well-accepted research, but against the absolute tip of the research pyramid. Of the 49 articles, 45 claimed to have uncovered effective interventions. Thirty-four of these claims had been retested, and 14 of these, or 41 percent, had been convincingly shown to be wrong or significantly exaggerated. If between a third and a half of the most acclaimed research in medicine was proving untrustworthy, the scope and impact of the problem were undeniable.
Kortom, er wordt hier een niet zo bemoedigend beeld geschetst van de (medische) wetenschap. Dit zijn de artikelen waarop het stuk in The Atlantic gebaseerd is:
http://www.omsj.org/...searchFalse.pdf
http://www.omsj.org/...esearch2005.pdf