Did artikeltje gaat over je honing vraag, het antwoord is dus volgens hen: jup honig ontsmet, waarom weten ze niet.
doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00524-3 Cite or link using doi
Copyright © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The last word
Bacteria can't resist honey
Bernard Dixon
130 Cornwall Road, Ruislip Manor, Middlesex HA4 6AW, UK
Available online 22 January 2003.
Extracts of tea to combat Helicobacter pylori, cranberry juice as a treatment or prophylactic for bacteriuria, maggots to clean up infected wounds, St John's wort as a source of hyperforin to attack multiply resistant Staphylococcus aureus...
The antibacterial candidates I have amassed in my files over the past decade are many and varied. They come not from silly books promoting alternative nostrums but from respectable peer-reviewed journals. The motive behind many of them is the increasing need to circumvent the worrisome difficulties caused by antibiotic resistance.
Now it seems that one of these ideas, dismissed as fanciful or impracticable in the past, may be on the verge of clinical fruition. This is the use of honey to deal with wounds that have been colonised by drug-resistant bacteria. The proposal comes from Rose Cooper at the University of Wales Institute, Cardiff, UK, with colleagues there and in the University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Honey has, of course, been associated with health from the very earliest times. Beekeepers are renowned for assuring us that it is nature's perfect answer to everything from the common cold to arthritisand indeed ageing itself. The antimicrobial potential of honey was first reported around a century ago, though only recently has this knowledge been placed on a rigorous basis.
The Cardiff team is playing a leading part in the scientific evaluation of honey for its antibacterial properties. One of the group's papers, 2 years ago, showed that multiresistant strains of the opportunistic pathogen Burkholderia cepacia from cystic fibrosis patients were susceptible to honey concentrations below 6%. This indicated a possible role for honey in the treatment of such infections (Letters in Applied Microbiology 2000; 31: 20).
Cooper and her co-workers have now conducted a comprehensive study of infected wounds. Their threefold purpose was to extend current, limited knowledge of the susceptibility of wound pathogens to honey, to determine its efficacy against resistant organisms, and to explore its mode of action.
They isolated 18 strains of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and seven strains of vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus faecalis from infected wounds. All proved to be sensitive in vitro to the two defined products selected for the experimentsmanuka honey and pasture honey. Moreover, a comparison of the sensitive enterococci with 20 strains of vancomycin-insensitive enterococci recovered from hospital surfaces showed no significant different in their inhibition by honey.
Previous reports have suggested that the antibacterial action of honey is entirely attributable to its high sugar content. The Cardiff researchers investigated this issue by comparing the action of their two products with that of an artificial honey. This consisted of a solution of the four predominant sugars (maltose, fructose, glucose, and sucrose) in the proportions in which they occur in the natural product.
The results show that concentrations of the artificial honey at least three times higher than those of the genuine products were required to achieve the same degree of inhibition in vitro. "S aureus is the most osmotolerant bacterium capable of causing wound infection, with 29% (v/v) sugar solutions required to prevent growth", Cooper and her colleagues write. "Here 30% (v/v) artificial honey incorporated into nutrient agar failed to prevent the growth of 18 strains of MRSA whereas manuka and pasture honey at least 10 times more dilute... prevented growth."
These findings indicate that the action of the two honeys was not due exclusively to osmolarity (as several previous authors have argued). Additional phytochemical substances may be responsible, and/or the generation of hydrogen peroxide by glucose oxidase from the bees.
Whatever the full explanation proves to be, the Cardiff work points to a real possibility of using honey to decontaminate wounds colonised by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The prospect is doubly appealing since honey does not, like certain other topical antimicrobial agents, adversely affect human tissues. Indeed, there is evidence that it can promote healing. It is also cheapand unlikely to select for further resistant strains. Perhaps the beekeepers were right all along.
Wat die vis betreft blijkt dat ook waar te zijn, er zijn precies veel studies naar vis consumptie en dementia. Maar aan de andere kant is de vis de laatste tijd niet meer wat ze vroeger was.
Wat Peter de vis zegt klopt. Tijdens de embryonale ontwikkeling heeft men twee vensters. Als in die vensters testosteron vrijgegeven wordt wordt in het eerste venster de hersen orientatie bepaald en tijdens het tweede venster het geslacht. Dus als je in het eerste venster geen testosteron had en in het tweede wel dan heb je vrouwelijke hersenen en een lichaam met een penis eraan. Wat niet zo is is dat er echt een vaste lijn is tussen man en vrouw. Je hebt een gradient van transsexuelen tot helemaal straight. Met een breede waaier ertussen. Vandaar dat ik zei dat genen (DNA sequenties die coderen voor hormonen) je grenzen bepalen en je omgeving je vorm bepaald.