door Veertje » di 28 feb 2006, 20:48
Achtergrondinfo:
http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/helthr...ries/s11122.htm (radio interview met Martha McClintock)
Het volgende artikel vond ik met name interessant. Het is van Dr. Winnifred Cutler, eigenaresse van het Athena Institute, een biomedisch onderzoeksbedrijf in Pennsylvania. Link naar artikel:
http://www.athenainstitute.com/sciencelink...s/encyclop.html
Een stuk daaruit:
Scientists at the time were at a loss to explain the cause of menstrual synchrony. Evidence that the cause was human pheromones would come in the 1980s from my work with George Preti and colleagues, and later in the 1998 work of McClintock and Stern at the University of Chicago.
The first scientifically rigorous experiments supporting the existence of human pheromones were published in 1986 by a research team at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine working with men at the Monell Chemical Senses Center. I was the leader of the university team.
Volunteers wore underarm sterile pads which were collected every other day from four apparently fertile women, and 3 men, for 14 consecutive weeks. We then extracted the sweat from the womens pads and created ten different formula samples (i.e. a Day 1 sweat essence on the first day of the cycle pooled from the 4 women, a Day 3 sample, a Day 5 and so on). From men who do not have a monthly hormone cycle, we pooled all the extracted sweat into one large sample. Later we filtered the 10 separate samples from women and one sample from men to remove the odor and bacteria, leaving only odorless test substances, called either female or male essences. These essences consisted of over 100 chemical compounds.
Finally, we conducted 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled experiments adhering to competent scientific methodology. Double-blind means that neither the test subject nor the technician knows what product is being tested until the code is broken at the end of the experiment. Placebo-controlled means that half the testers do not test the experimental substance, they get only an inactive substance. In experiment 1, women whose records showed they had fertile-type cycles of about 29.5 days tested either female essence or placebo. In experiment 2, women whose records showed they had sub-fertile cycles shorter than 26 days or longer than 33, days tested either male essence or placebo.
In the first test group of women with regular menstrual cycles, every other day we applied either placebo (to half the group) or essence (to the other half of the group) in sequence Day 1, Day 3, Day 5 and so on) for 14 consecutive weeks to the upper lips of women. Among the women who tested placebo, the timing of the cycles did not change. But among the group that tested sequential application of female essence, cycles tended to synchronize with the donor day 1 timing.
In the second test group of women (those with excessively short or long cycles) we applied the male essence every other day to half to group, or placebo to the other half of the group for 14 consecutive weeks to the upper lips of women. The cycles of these women receiving male essence applications became more normal in length. The women receiving placebo applications continued to record abnormally short and long cycle lengths.
We concluded that the observed cycle changes demonstrated that human pheromones released into the air from underarm glands are important in regulating the timing of menstrual cycles. Furthermore, the experiment with the male essence helped explain my own previous finding that frequent intimate contact with a man tends to make a womans menstrual cycles more regular and thus, more fertile.
Achtergrondinfo: [url=http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/helthrpt/stories/s11122.htm]http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/helthr...ries/s11122.htm[/url] (radio interview met Martha McClintock)
Het volgende artikel vond ik met name interessant. Het is van Dr. Winnifred Cutler, eigenaresse van het Athena Institute, een biomedisch onderzoeksbedrijf in Pennsylvania. Link naar artikel: [url=http://www.athenainstitute.com/sciencelinks/encyclop.html]http://www.athenainstitute.com/sciencelink...s/encyclop.html[/url]
Een stuk daaruit:
[quote]Scientists at the time were at a loss to explain the cause of menstrual synchrony. Evidence that the cause was human pheromones would come in the 1980s from my work with George Preti and colleagues, and later in the 1998 work of McClintock and Stern at the University of Chicago.
The first scientifically rigorous experiments supporting the existence of human pheromones were published in 1986 by a research team at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine working with men at the Monell Chemical Senses Center. I was the leader of the university team.
Volunteers wore underarm sterile pads which were collected every other day from four apparently fertile women, and 3 men, for 14 consecutive weeks. We then extracted the sweat from the womens pads and created ten different formula samples (i.e. a Day 1 sweat essence on the first day of the cycle pooled from the 4 women, a Day 3 sample, a Day 5 and so on). From men who do not have a monthly hormone cycle, we pooled all the extracted sweat into one large sample. Later we filtered the 10 separate samples from women and one sample from men to remove the odor and bacteria, leaving only odorless test substances, called either female or male essences. These essences consisted of over 100 chemical compounds.
Finally, we conducted 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled experiments adhering to competent scientific methodology. Double-blind means that neither the test subject nor the technician knows what product is being tested until the code is broken at the end of the experiment. Placebo-controlled means that half the testers do not test the experimental substance, they get only an inactive substance. In experiment 1, women whose records showed they had fertile-type cycles of about 29.5 days tested either female essence or placebo. In experiment 2, women whose records showed they had sub-fertile cycles shorter than 26 days or longer than 33, days tested either male essence or placebo.
In the first test group of women with regular menstrual cycles, every other day we applied either placebo (to half the group) or essence (to the other half of the group) in sequence Day 1, Day 3, Day 5 and so on) for 14 consecutive weeks to the upper lips of women. Among the women who tested placebo, the timing of the cycles did not change. But among the group that tested sequential application of female essence, cycles tended to synchronize with the donor day 1 timing.
In the second test group of women (those with excessively short or long cycles) we applied the male essence every other day to half to group, or placebo to the other half of the group for 14 consecutive weeks to the upper lips of women. The cycles of these women receiving male essence applications became more normal in length. The women receiving placebo applications continued to record abnormally short and long cycle lengths.
We concluded that the observed cycle changes demonstrated that human pheromones released into the air from underarm glands are important in regulating the timing of menstrual cycles. Furthermore, the experiment with the male essence helped explain my own previous finding that frequent intimate contact with a man tends to make a womans menstrual cycles more regular and thus, more fertile.[/quote]
