Volgende komt uit Introduction to Quantum Mechanics door B.H. Bransden and C.J. Joachain.
A time-energie uncertainty relation analogous to the position-momentum uncertainly relations can be obtained in the following way. Let
\(\Phi(t)\equiv\Phi(\vec{r_0,t)}\)
be a wave function, at a fixed point
\(\vec{r}=\vec{r_0}\)
, associated with a single particle state. We consider the case such that
\(\Phi(t)\)
is a pulse or 'time packet', which is negligible except in a time interval
\(\Delta t\)
. This time time packet can be expressed as a superposition of monochromatic waves of angular frequenties
\(\omega\)
by a Fourier integral
\(\Phi(t)=(2\pi)^{\frac{-1}{2}}\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} G(\omega)e^{-i\omega t}d{\omega}\)
where the function
\(G(\omega)\)
is given by
\(G(\omega)=(2\pi)^{\frac{-1}{2}}\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} \Phi(t) e^{i\omega t}dt\)
As
\(\Phi(t)\)
takes only significant values for a duration
\(\Delta t\)
, it follows from the the general properties of Fourier transforms that
\(G(\omega)\)
is only significant for a range of angulair freqenties such that
\(\Delta\omega\Delta t\geq 1\)
Since
\( E=\hbar\omega\)
, the width of de distribution in energie,
\(\Delta E\)
, satifies the time-energie uncertainty relation
\(\Delta E\Delta t\geq\hbar\)
The interpretation of this relationship is somewhat different from that of de position-momentum uncertainty relations because the time t is a parameter, and not a dynamical parameter. The relation implies that if the dynamical state exits only for a time of order
\(\Delta t\)
, then the energy of the state cannot be defined to a precision better than
\(\frac{\hbar}{\Delta t}\)
.